Fuel supply
The fuel supply products (fuel-supply module with integrated electric fuel pump, tank level sensor and fuel filter) ensure that the high-pressure pump is provided with the required amount of fuel from the tank at a specific pressure of up to 6 bar.
Fuel injection
Engines with gasoline direct injection produce the air-fuel mixture directly in the combustion chamber. Only fresh air flows into the intake port through the open intake valve. The fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber by high-pressure injectors. Combustion chamber cooling is improved by directly spraying the fuel in the case of gasoline direct injection. This provides for higher engine compression and, in turn, increased efficiency, which helps reduce fuel consumption and increase torque. In the case of gasoline direct injection the high-pressure circuit is fed via the high-pressure pump, which supplies the fuel pressure in the fuel rail at the required high level of up to 350 bar. The high-pressure injectors are fitted to the fuel rail, meter and atomize the fuel at high pressure extremely rapidly to provide optimum mixture preparation directly in the combustion chamber.
Air management
Air management ensures that the correct air mass is available to the engine at every operating point.
Ignition
Gasoline engines require an ignition spark in order to burn the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinder. The spark plug generates the spark. The required high voltage is generated by the ignition coil. To do so, it transforms the electrical energy from the battery into an ignition voltage and provides this voltage to the spark plug at the ignition point.
Electronic control unit
The electronic control unit centrally prioritizes and controls the various functions a modern engine management system needs to fulfill. Taking torque as the key reference variable, the electronic control unit efficiently adjusts the necessary air-fuel mixture, ignition timing and exhaust-gas treatment.
Exhaust-gas treatment
Exhaust-gas treatment supports the manufacturers in meeting international emissions standards, e.g. by using catalytic exhaust treatment. The use of lambda sensors provides even more effective emissions control. The aim of this mechanism is to always achieve a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (λ=1). With homogenous combustion processes (λ=1), optimum exhaust treatment can be ensured by controlling a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and using a 3-way catalytic converter. In the case of stratified combustion (lean), λ>1, an excess of air in the combustion chamber produces undesirable nitrogen oxides in the exhaust during the combustion process. Nitrogen oxides are directed to an additional accumulator-type catalytic converter to be removed.
